12 November 2025 · Shift 2

Letter coding Compare the word with its code letter by letter: G(7) becomes L(12), A(1) becomes F(6), L(12) becomes Q(17). Each letter has moved 5 places forward, and the same +5 shift holds for every remaining letter. Apply +5 to FACECLOTHS: F→K, A→F, C→H, E→J, C→H, L→Q, O→T, T→Y, H→M, S→X. The code is KFHJHQTYMX, so option (a) is correct.

Letter coding Take the first pair: B→C, O→P, T→U, T→U, L→M, E→F - every letter moves one place forward. TIFFIN→UJGGJO and DOOR→EPPS obey exactly the same +1 rule, so the rule is confirmed. Apply +1 to MONITOR: M→N, O→P, N→O, I→J, T→U, O→P, R→S. The code is NPOJUPS, so option (a) is correct.

Letter coding Match SACRAMENTAL with TBDSBNFOUBM: S→T, A→B, C→D, R→S, A→B - every letter moves one place forward. MACHINATION→NBDIJOBUJPO follows the very same +1 rule, so the rule is confirmed. Apply +1 to WALLPAPER: W→X, A→B, L→M, L→M, P→Q, A→B, P→Q, E→F, R→S. The code is XBMMQBQFS; option (a) slips at the seventh letter and (c) at the last, so option (b) is correct.

Statement and conclusions Conclusion I: online education has grown, yet many students have neither a device nor a stable connection - some learners are therefore left behind, which is exactly what inequality means. It follows. Conclusion II: the experts themselves prescribe better digital infrastructure as the remedy, so strengthening it can improve online education. It follows. Conclusion III: the statement reports a gap in access, never a failure for every learner; the word 'all' makes the claim far stronger than the statement allows. It does not follow. Only I and II follow, so option (b) is correct.

Situation judgement The best response is the one that fits the priority Rohan himself has stated. He values personal time and wants to keep playing sports, so fixed hours and free weekends matter to him more than a larger stipend. Option (a) takes away exactly the time he wants to protect, and (c) is impossible to honour - two internships cannot be served properly at the same time. Option (d) rejects two genuine offers without any reason to expect a better one. The moderate-stipend internship with fixed hours meets both his career need and his personal need, so option (b) is correct.

Symbol substitution First replace every symbol by the sign it stands for. The expression becomes $12-14\times 8-3$. By BODMAS the multiplication is done first: $14\times 8=112$. So the value is 12-112-3=-100-3=-103. Hence option (d) is correct.

Symbol substitution Only one symbol actually appears in the expression, namely '#', and it stands for '+'. Replacing it everywhere gives 8+18+24+10. Adding step by step: 8+18=26, then 26+24=50, then 50+10=60. So the value of the expression is 60, and option (c) is correct.

Position in a row Bring both positions to the same end. Priya is 10th from the right in a row of 35, so from the left she is at 35-10+1=26. Ravi is already 15th from the left. The students strictly between them occupy positions 16 to 25. Number of students in between =26-15-1=10, so option (c) is correct.

Position in a row Rajat stands to the right of Varun with 29 students in between, so count from Varun: 33 places, then 29 students, then Rajat himself. Rajat's position from the left =33+29+1=63. In a row of n students, position from the right =n- (position from the left) +1. So Rajat's position from the right =100-63+1=38, and option (c) is correct.

Strong and weak arguments An argument is strong only when it is directly related to the proposal and points to a real, weighty consequence of accepting or rejecting it. Argument I names a genuine merit of the step - flexibility and access to quality resources - which is exactly what making online education compulsory would spread. It is strong. Argument II names a genuine obstacle - compulsion would penalise the many students who have no reliable internet or device. It is equally relevant and equally weighty, so it is strong too. Both arguments are therefore strong, and option (c) is correct.

Course of action A course of action follows only if it is practical and attacks the cause named in the statement. The cause given is rash driving and violation of traffic rules, and course I - more traffic police plus strict penalties - checks precisely that behaviour. It follows. Course II bans every private vehicle for a whole month; it punishes careful drivers along with reckless ones and would paralyse the city, so it is extreme and impractical. It does not follow. Hence only I follows, and option (a) is correct.

Letter series Write the alphabet positions: C is 3, F is 6, J is 10, O is 15. The gaps are 6-3=3, 10-6=4 and 15-10=5, so the gap grows by one each time. The next gap must be 6, giving position 15+6=21. The 21st letter is U, so option (a) is correct.

Letter series Write the alphabet positions: T is 20, P is 16, L is 12, H is 8. Each term is 4 less than the one before it, so the series moves 4 places backward every time. The next position is 8-4=4. The 4th letter is D, so option (a) is correct.

Ethical judgement Two conditions are set in the situation: the response must be responsible about safety, and it must not damage the company's name more than necessary. Option (a) ignores a defect that is already known to be a safety risk, and (c) hides it from the very customers who own the faulty batch - both are unsafe and dishonest. Option (b) recalls everything and stops production, which is out of all proportion to a small defect in a single batch. Telling customers about the issue and correcting it at once removes the risk, keeps the action limited to what is needed, and actually protects the company's credibility. Hence option (d) is correct.

Word formation List the letter stock of DEMOCRATIC: D, E, M, O, C, R, A, T, I, C - note that C comes twice but E comes only once. MEDIA needs M, E, D, I, A; DIET needs D, I, E, T; TRACE needs T, R, A, C, E - every letter of each is available in the stock. MODERATE needs M, O, D, E, R, A, T, E, that is two E's, while DEMOCRATIC supplies only one E. So MODERATE cannot be formed, and option (b) is correct.

Problem-solving approach The stated cause of the missed deadlines is poor coordination and weak communication inside the team. A workable method must remove that cause, not merely react to the symptom. Regular team meetings restore communication and task-tracking tools make every member's progress visible, so a delay is noticed before the deadline is lost. Ignoring the problem changes nothing, public criticism lowers morale without improving coordination, and cancelling projects destroys the work instead of fixing the process. Hence option (a) is correct.

Letter-pair analogy Write the alphabetical positions: B = 2, C = 3, E = 5, D = 4. The first letter moves three steps forward, 2+3=5, i.e. B → E, and the second letter moves one step forward, 3+1=4, i.e. C → D. Apply the same two shifts to DE. First letter: 4+3=7, which is G. Second letter: 5+1=6, which is F. So DE : GF, and option (a) is correct.

Opposite-letter analogy Write the alphabetical positions: C = 3, N = 14, X = 24, M = 13. Since 3+24=27 and 14+13=27, each letter is replaced by its opposite letter, i.e. the letter whose position makes the sum 27. For D, 27-4=23, which is W. For L, 27-12=15, which is O. So DL : WO, and option (a) is correct.

Number series Compare each term with the one before it: $8\times 2+9=25$. $25\times 2+9=59$ and $59\times 2+9=127$, so the rule is: double the term and add 9. The missing term is $127\times 2+9=254+9=263$. Hence option (b) is correct.

Number series Check the step from the first term to the second: $11\times 2+8=30$. $30\times 2+8=68$ and $68\times 2+8=144$, so every term is twice the previous term plus 8. Therefore the missing term is $144\times 2+8=288+8=296$. Hence option (b) is correct.

Number series Take the differences of consecutive terms: 31-20=11, 64-31=33 and 163-64=99. Each difference is three times the one before it, since $11\times 3=33$ and $33\times 3=99$. So the next difference is $99\times 3=297$. The missing term is 163+297=460. Hence option (c) is correct.

Odd number-pair out Test each pair for a common factor other than 1. $\gcd \left(20,17\right)=1$, $\gcd \left(36,31\right)=1$ and $\gcd \left(25,33\right)=1$, so these three are pairs of co-prime numbers. In 40 : 28 both numbers are divisible by 4, because $40=4\times 10$ and $28=4\times 7$, so $\gcd \left(40,28\right)=4$. This pair alone is not co-prime, so it breaks the pattern. Hence option (b) is correct.

Social intelligence The sudden change in an enthusiastic colleague's behaviour is a signal that something is wrong; it is not yet a matter of discipline. A socially intelligent response first tries to understand the cause, and it does so without embarrassing the person. Speaking to them privately shows concern, keeps their dignity intact and gives them room to explain the real difficulty. Naming them in a meeting humiliates them, ignoring the change abandons a colleague who may need help, and reporting them at once punishes before the cause is even known. Hence option (a) is correct.

Dictionary order All five words begin with 'Da', so compare the third letter: Daltonisms has 'l', Damocloids and Damnifying have 'm', Darwinized has 'r' and Dasymeters has 's'. Since l < m < r < s, Daltonisms comes first, and Darwinized then Dasymeters come last. For the two 'Dam' words compare the fourth letter: Damnifying has 'n' and Damocloids has 'o', and n comes before o. So the order is Daltonisms → Damnifying → Damocloids → Darwinized → Dasymeters, that is 3, 2, 1, 4, 5. Hence option (b) is correct.

Dictionary order Every word begins with 'Pro', so compare the fourth letter: Producer and Production have 'd', Profit has 'f', Program and Progress have 'g', and Project has 'j'. Since d < f < g < j, the blocks fall in the order Produc… , Profit, Prog… , Project. Producer and Production agree up to 'Produc'; the next letters are 'e' and 't', and e < t, so Producer comes first. Program and Progress agree up to 'Progr'; the next letters are 'a' and 'e', so Program comes first. The dictionary order is Producer → Production → Profit → Program → Progress → Project, that is 6, 1, 5, 3, 2, 4. Hence option (a) is correct.