SSC CGL 14 September 2025 · Shift 3 · English Comprehension — questions with answers

76

Select the most appropriate synonym of the given word: Peak

A.Beginning
B.Apogee
C.Nadir
D.Base

Solution

Synonym — Peak 'Apogee' means the highest point — exactly what a peak is. 'Nadir' is the lowest point (the antonym), 'base' is the bottom, and 'beginning' is the start. Only apogee matches the sense of peak. Hence option (b).

77

Select the most appropriate meaning of the given idiom: She threw cold water on his dreams.

A.Discouraging or opposing something
B.Making something widely liked
C.Removing worries completely
D.Encouraging with enthusiasm

Solution

Idiom — threw cold water To 'throw cold water on' something means to discourage or dampen it. She dismissed his dreams instead of supporting them. Options (b), (c) and (d) all suggest positive effects — the opposite of the idiom. Hence option (a).

78

Select the sentence that uses the homonym of the given word. Rheme — the part of a clause that gives information about the theme.

A.The linguist identified the rheme in every clause carefully.
B.The rheme is the most important part of the sentence.
C.The sailors spotted a rheme swimming near the coast.
D.The teacher explained how to mark the rheme in a sentence.

Solution

Homonym — rheme In options (a), (b) and (d), rheme is used in its LINGUISTIC sense — the information-bearing part of a clause. In option (c), a 'rheme' is spotted SWIMMING near the coast — the word here names an aquatic creature. Same spelling, entirely different meaning — that is a homonym. Hence option (c).

79

Select the option that expresses the given sentence in the Active/Passive voice. The report was being written by the intern when the power failed.

A.The intern was writing the report when the power failed.
B.The intern wrote the report when the power failed.
C.The intern had been writing the report when the power failed.
D.The power failed while the report was being written by the intern.

Solution

Passive → active — continuous 'Was being written' is PAST CONTINUOUS passive. Its active form is past continuous: was writing. 'The intern was writing the report when the power failed.' ✓ — options (b) and (c) change the tense; (d) is still passive. Hence option (a).

80

Select the correct spelling.

A.Photograp
B.Poton
C.Potogenic
D.Photolithography

Solution

Correct spelling 'Photolithography' — the printing/patterning technique — is spelt correctly. The others should be 'photograph', 'photon' and 'photogenic'. Each of them is missing letters. Hence option (d).

81

Choose the one-word substitute for the below sentence. The professor delivered a speech that praised the scientist in the highest terms.

A.Elegy
B.Encomium
C.Sermon
D.Soliloquy

Solution

One-word — Encomium An encomium is a formal speech of HIGH PRAISE. An elegy laments the dead; a sermon is a religious address; a soliloquy is speaking alone to oneself. A speech praising the scientist in the highest terms is an encomium. Hence option (b).

82

Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank. The witness refused to ____ the names of the suspects.

A.give way
B.give in
C.give up
D.give off

Solution

Phrasal verb — give up 'Give up' here means to reveal or hand over (confidential information). The witness refused to give up the names — i.e. to disclose them. 'Give way' = collapse/yield, 'give in' = surrender, 'give off' = emit (smell, heat). Hence option (c).

83

The following sentence has been divided into parts. One of them contains an error. Select the part that contains the error from the given options. That the experimental results contradict prior findings (1)/ and challenges established theories (2)/ suggests the need for further investigation (3)/ into the novel methodology. (4)

A.(1)
B.(2)
C.(3)
D.(4)

Solution

Error — challenges Both verbs inside the that-clause share the plural subject 'the experimental results'. So it must be 'contradict … and CHALLENGE established theories' — not 'challenges'. (The singular verb 'suggests' in part (3) is correct, because the whole that-clause acts as one singular subject.) Hence part (2) — option (b).

84

Select the option that expresses the given sentence in the Active/Passive voice. The renowned architect will design the new city hall.

A.The new city hall will be designed by the renowned architect.
B.The new city hall is designed by the renowned architect.
C.The new city hall would be designed by the renowned architect.
D.The new city hall will be designed by a renowned architect.

Solution

Active → passive — future 'Will design' is SIMPLE FUTURE. Passive of simple future: will be + past participle. 'The new city hall will be designed by the renowned architect.' ✓ — (b) shifts to present, (c) to conditional, and (d) swaps 'the' for 'a', losing the definite reference. Hence option (a).

85

Select the most appropriate antonym of the given word: Truthful

A.Genuine
B.Honest
C.Sincere
D.Mendacious

Solution

Antonym — Truthful 'Mendacious' means lying or habitually untruthful. That is the direct opposite of truthful. Genuine, honest and sincere are all SYNONYMS of truthful. Hence option (d).

86

Select the most appropriate option to substitute the underline/Bold segment in the given sentence. The committee is comprised of members from various disciplines.

A.is comprised by
B.comprises of
C.comprises
D.is comprising

Solution

Comprise — no preposition 'Comprise' is a transitive verb that takes its object DIRECTLY — no preposition. Correct: 'The committee comprises members from various disciplines.' 'Comprised of', 'comprises of' and 'is comprising' are all non-standard forms. Hence option (c).

87

Sentences of a paragraph are given below in jumbled order. Arrange the sentences in the correct order to form a meaningful and coherent paragraph. 1. Critics argue that such policies disproportionately affect vulnerable populations and can stifle economic growth. 2. The debate around universal basic income (UBI) has intensified in recent years, drawing attention from various sectors. 3. Proponents suggest UBI could alleviate poverty, reduce inequality, and provide a safety net in an automating world. 4. It proposes a regular, unconditional cash payment to all citizens, regardless of their income or employment status.

A.2, 4, 3, 1
B.4, 2, 1, 3
C.2, 3, 1, 4
D.3, 1, 2, 4

Solution

Para jumble — UBI Sentence 2 introduces the topic — the UBI debate — so it opens. Sentence 4 ('It proposes …') explains what UBI actually is. Sentence 3 gives the proponents’ case; sentence 1 closes with the critics’ reply. Order 2-4-3-1 — option (a).

88

Select the correct indirect/direct form of the given sentence. He said, "I am going to the park."

A.He said that he is going to the park.
B.He said that I was going to the park.
C.He said that he was going to the park.
D.He said he went to the park.

Solution

Direct → indirect In indirect speech after a past reporting verb, the present continuous shifts to PAST continuous. The pronoun 'I' becomes 'he'. 'He said that he was going to the park.' ✓ — (a) keeps the present tense, (b) keeps the wrong pronoun, (d) changes the tense to simple past. Hence option (c).

89

Identify the incorrect spelling.

A.Antidote
B.Infinitely
C.Personal
D.Obfuscite

Solution

Incorrect spelling The correct word is 'obfuscate' — to make something unclear. 'Obfuscite' is the misspelt form. Antidote, infinitely and personal are all spelt correctly. Hence option (d).

90

Directions (Qs. 90-94): Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. The use of renewable energy has become a global priority as countries strive to reduce their dependence on fossil fuels. Renewable sources such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power offer cleaner alternatives that help lower carbon emissions and combat climate change. However, the transition to renewable energy is not without challenges. The initial cost of setting up infrastructure remains high, and energy production can be inconsistent due to weather conditions. Despite these drawbacks, technological innovations are making renewable energy more efficient and affordable. Governments are also encouraging the shift through subsidies, tax incentives, and investment in research. These measures not only help reduce environmental damage but also create employment opportunities in new sectors. Public awareness about sustainability has further accelerated the demand for cleaner energy options. The future of global energy lies in a balanced approach — using renewable sources while continuing to improve storage technologies and grid efficiency. If nations maintain this momentum, renewable energy could soon replace conventional sources as the dominant form of power.

What is the primary reason countries are adopting renewable energy sources?

A.To increase energy prices
B.To reduce carbon emissions
C.To promote fossil fuel industries
D.To decrease international cooperation

Solution

RC — primary reason The passage opens with countries striving to cut their dependence on fossil fuels. Renewables are said to lower carbon emissions and combat climate change. That is the stated driving reason for adoption. Hence option (b).

91

Directions (Qs. 90-94): Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. The use of renewable energy has become a global priority as countries strive to reduce their dependence on fossil fuels. Renewable sources such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power offer cleaner alternatives that help lower carbon emissions and combat climate change. However, the transition to renewable energy is not without challenges. The initial cost of setting up infrastructure remains high, and energy production can be inconsistent due to weather conditions. Despite these drawbacks, technological innovations are making renewable energy more efficient and affordable. Governments are also encouraging the shift through subsidies, tax incentives, and investment in research. These measures not only help reduce environmental damage but also create employment opportunities in new sectors. Public awareness about sustainability has further accelerated the demand for cleaner energy options. The future of global energy lies in a balanced approach — using renewable sources while continuing to improve storage technologies and grid efficiency. If nations maintain this momentum, renewable energy could soon replace conventional sources as the dominant form of power.

What is one major challenge in the transition to renewable energy?

A.Lack of government interest
B.High maintenance costs of fossil fuels
C.High initial setup costs and inconsistent production
D.Limited natural resources

Solution

RC — major challenge The passage names two hurdles directly. The initial cost of setting up infrastructure remains high, and production can be inconsistent due to weather. Governments are in fact supportive — so (a) is wrong — and fossil-fuel maintenance is not discussed. Hence option (c).

92

Directions (Qs. 90-94): Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. The use of renewable energy has become a global priority as countries strive to reduce their dependence on fossil fuels. Renewable sources such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power offer cleaner alternatives that help lower carbon emissions and combat climate change. However, the transition to renewable energy is not without challenges. The initial cost of setting up infrastructure remains high, and energy production can be inconsistent due to weather conditions. Despite these drawbacks, technological innovations are making renewable energy more efficient and affordable. Governments are also encouraging the shift through subsidies, tax incentives, and investment in research. These measures not only help reduce environmental damage but also create employment opportunities in new sectors. Public awareness about sustainability has further accelerated the demand for cleaner energy options. The future of global energy lies in a balanced approach — using renewable sources while continuing to improve storage technologies and grid efficiency. If nations maintain this momentum, renewable energy could soon replace conventional sources as the dominant form of power.

What role do governments play in promoting renewable energy?

A.They discourage innovation in renewable technology
B.They provide financial and policy support to encourage its use
C.They restrict subsidies and incentives
D.They depend solely on private companies

Solution

RC — role of governments The passage says governments encourage the shift through subsidies, tax incentives and investment in research. That is financial and policy support. The other options say the opposite of what the passage states. Hence option (b).

93

Directions (Qs. 90-94): Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. The use of renewable energy has become a global priority as countries strive to reduce their dependence on fossil fuels. Renewable sources such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power offer cleaner alternatives that help lower carbon emissions and combat climate change. However, the transition to renewable energy is not without challenges. The initial cost of setting up infrastructure remains high, and energy production can be inconsistent due to weather conditions. Despite these drawbacks, technological innovations are making renewable energy more efficient and affordable. Governments are also encouraging the shift through subsidies, tax incentives, and investment in research. These measures not only help reduce environmental damage but also create employment opportunities in new sectors. Public awareness about sustainability has further accelerated the demand for cleaner energy options. The future of global energy lies in a balanced approach — using renewable sources while continuing to improve storage technologies and grid efficiency. If nations maintain this momentum, renewable energy could soon replace conventional sources as the dominant form of power.

What does the passage suggest about the future of global energy?

A.It will rely only on fossil fuels
B.It will depend entirely on hydroelectric power
C.It will balance renewable and traditional sources
D.It will eliminate all forms of technology

Solution

RC — future of energy The passage states the future lies in a 'balanced approach'. Renewable sources will be used while storage technologies and grid efficiency keep improving. Neither exclusive fossil-fuel use nor a single renewable source is suggested. Hence option (c).

94

Directions (Qs. 90-94): Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. The use of renewable energy has become a global priority as countries strive to reduce their dependence on fossil fuels. Renewable sources such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power offer cleaner alternatives that help lower carbon emissions and combat climate change. However, the transition to renewable energy is not without challenges. The initial cost of setting up infrastructure remains high, and energy production can be inconsistent due to weather conditions. Despite these drawbacks, technological innovations are making renewable energy more efficient and affordable. Governments are also encouraging the shift through subsidies, tax incentives, and investment in research. These measures not only help reduce environmental damage but also create employment opportunities in new sectors. Public awareness about sustainability has further accelerated the demand for cleaner energy options. The future of global energy lies in a balanced approach — using renewable sources while continuing to improve storage technologies and grid efficiency. If nations maintain this momentum, renewable energy could soon replace conventional sources as the dominant form of power.

What does the word "momentum" imply in the sentence "If nations maintain this momentum, renewable energy could soon replace conventional sources as the dominant form of power"?

A.Speed of technological change
B.Ongoing progress and drive
C.Sudden decline in interest
D.Lack of stability

Solution

RC — 'momentum' 'Momentum' here refers to the continuing push behind the renewable-energy shift. It implies ongoing progress and drive that nations must keep up. It is not about raw speed, decline or instability. Hence option (b).

95

Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank. The party leader appealed to the electorate to consider the long-term implications ____ the proposed reforms.

A.for
B.of
C.against
D.about

Solution

Implications OF The noun 'implications' takes the preposition 'of' for its source. 'The long-term implications OF the proposed reforms' — the consequences flowing from the reforms. 'Implications for' would point to who is affected, not to the reforms themselves. Hence option (b).

96

Select the correct option. The philosopher's argument was not only unconventional but also fundamentally ____ to the principles of the school of thought.

A.opposed
B.opposing
C.opposite
D.averse

Solution

Opposed to The fixed collocation is 'opposed to' — directly contrary to something. The argument was fundamentally OPPOSED to the principles of the school. 'Averse' pairs with people's feelings (averse to risk), and 'opposite'/'opposing' do not fit the frame '… fundamentally ____ to'. Hence option (a).

97

Select the most appropriate option to substitute the underline/Bold segment in the given sentence. The new regulations are effective from January 1st across all sectors.

A.with January 1st
B.by January 1st
C.as of January 1st
D.on January 1st

Solution

As of January 1st 'As of' marks the exact point from which something takes effect. 'The new regulations are effective as of January 1st.' ✓ 'By' means before the deadline; 'on' pins one day only; 'with' is unidiomatic here. Hence option (c).

98

Select the correct indirect/direct form of the given sentence. My grandma said, "A stitch in time saves nine."

A.It was said by my grandma that a stitch in time saves nine.
B.My grandma said that a stitch in time saved nine.
C.My grandma advised that a stitch in time saves nine.
D.My grandma said that a stitch in time saves nine.

Solution

Proverb — tense retained Universal truths and proverbs do NOT change tense in indirect speech. 'A stitch in time saves nine' stays in the simple present. 'My grandma said that a stitch in time saves nine.' ✓ — (a) recasts it in a roundabout passive, (b) wrongly backshifts to 'saved', and (c) changes 'said' to 'advised'. Hence option (d).

99

Sentences of a paragraph are given below in jumbled order. Arrange the sentences in the correct order to form a meaningful and coherent paragraph. 1. The human brain, a marvel of biological engineering, possesses an astonishing capacity for learning and adaptation. 2. Neuroplasticity, its ability to reorganise itself by forming new neural connections, underpins this remarkable faculty. 3. This process allows us to acquire new skills, form memories, and even recover from brain injuries. 4. From childhood development to adult learning, this dynamic re-wiring occurs continuously.

A.1, 2, 3, 4
B.2, 1, 4, 3
C.1, 3, 2, 4
D.4, 1, 3, 2

Solution

Para jumble — brain Sentence 1 introduces the subject — the brain and its capacity to learn — so it opens. Sentence 2 names the mechanism behind it ('this remarkable faculty') — neuroplasticity. Sentence 3 ('This process …') describes what it enables, and sentence 4 rounds off across the lifespan. Order 1-2-3-4 — option (a).

100

The following sentence has been divided into parts. One of them contains an error. Select the part that contains the error from the given options. She had barely finished writing her essay (1)/ then the power went out, (2)/ leaving her work unsaved (3)/ and her progress lost. (4)

A.(1)
B.(2)
C.(3)
D.(4)

Solution

Error — barely … when 'Barely/hardly/scarcely' pairs with 'WHEN', never with 'then'. Correct: 'She had barely finished writing her essay WHEN the power went out.' Part (2) carries the wrong connective 'then'. Hence option (b).