14 November 2025 · Shift 1

Letter coding, +3 shift Compare the given pair letter by letter: M-P, A-D, T-W, U-X, R-U, I-L, T-W, Y-B. Every letter moves 3 places forward in the alphabet, Y wrapping past Z to B. Applying the same +3 shift to OCCASION: O-R, C-F, C-F, A-D, S-V, I-L, O-R, N-Q. The code is RFFDVLRQ, so option (a) is correct.

Letter coding, +1 shift In GERMINATION - HFSNJOBUJPO each letter is replaced by the letter that follows it: G-H, E-F, R-S, M-N and so on. The same rule holds for DARINGNESS - EBSJOHOFTT (D-E, A-B, R-S, ...), so the rule is simply +1. For CARJACKER: C-D, A-B, R-S, J-K, A-B, C-D, K-L, E-F, R-S. The code is DBSKBDLFS, which is option (a).

Letter place values In TECHOGRAM the numbers are simply the alphabetical positions: T = 20, E = 5, C = 3, H = 8, O = 15, G = 7, R = 18, A = 1, M = 13. MACROGRAPH obeys the same rule (M = 13, A = 1, C = 3, R = 18, ...), so each letter is replaced by its place value. For SPIROGRAM: S = 19, P = 16, I = 9, R = 18, O = 15, G = 7, R = 18, A = 1, M = 13. The code is 19-16-9-18-15-7-18-1-13, which is option (a).

Statement and conclusions Conclusion I: the statement itself says excessive screen time has caused eye strain and reduced physical activity, so a negative health effect is directly stated - it follows. Conclusion II: the word 'all' makes it a sweeping generalisation, and the statement says nothing about students misusing the platforms - it does not follow. Conclusion III: promoting blended learning models is precisely a step taken to balance online learning - it follows. Only I and III follow, so option (b) is correct.

Situation judgement, study plan The teacher's advice points to spaced revision, while covering every topic in a single night is plain cramming. Planned, regular revision spreads the load, fixes the material in memory through repetition and keeps stress low - exactly what a competitive exam demands. So option (b), following a planned study schedule with regular revision, is the most appropriate choice. (a) destroys health and concentration, while (c) and (d) amount to giving up preparation altogether, so none of them is responsible.

Symbol substitution, BODMAS Replace every symbol by the sign it stands for: '%' by multiplication, '#' by division and '@' by subtraction. The expression becomes $22\times 4÷12-20$. By BODMAS, multiplication and division are done first, from left to right: $22\times 4=88$, then $88÷12=\frac{22}{3}$. Now subtract: $\frac{22}{3}-20=\frac{22-60}{3}=\frac{-38}{3}$. Hence option (b) is correct.

Situation judgement, teamwork The member's real problem is low confidence, so the response must build confidence rather than expose the person. Praising the ideas privately makes the appreciation credible, and an assurance of support removes the fear of being judged when they finally speak in the meeting. So option (a) is the most appropriate way to encourage them. (b) takes away their credit, (c) simply ignores the problem, and (d) forces an unprepared public presentation that would deepen the fear.

Ranking in a row Vasu's position from the left end is 18. Shivam is 30th from the right, so counting from the left his position is 70-30+1=41. Students standing strictly between them =41-18-1=22. The same result comes from the shortcut 70-(18+30)=22, so option (c) is correct.

Ranking in a row The golden diya stands 16th from the left end. The silver diya is 20th from the right, so from the left it is at 60-20+1=41. Diyas lying strictly between them =41-16-1=24. The shortcut 60-(16+20)=24 gives the same value, so option (d) is correct.

Statement and course of action A course of action follows only if it is practical and attacks the cause named in the statement. Course of action I does exactly that: signals regulate the flow of vehicles and traffic police enforce discipline, so accidents at the junction should fall. It follows. Course of action II closes a busy junction for ever, penalising every road user for a failure of regulation and merely shifting the congestion elsewhere. Such an extreme step does not follow. Only I follows, so option (a) is correct.

Strong and weak arguments A strong argument must be directly related to the proposal and weighty in itself; a weak one is trivial or off the point. Argument I is strong: free rural internet would give students online study material and farmers live market prices, which is precisely the benefit the proposal aims at. Argument II is weak: good connectivity in cities says nothing about the need in villages - if anything it underlines the very digital divide the proposal wants to close. Only I is strong, so option (a) is correct.

Letter series, -5 pattern Write the place value of each letter: S = 19, N = 14, I = 9, D = 4. Each term is 5 less than the one before it: 19-5=14, 14-5=9, 9-5=4. Continuing the pattern, 4-5=-1; counting five letters back from D runs past A and wraps round to position 26-1=25. Position 25 is Y, so option (d) is correct.

Letter series, growing gaps Write the place values: E = 5, I = 9, N = 14, T = 20. The gaps grow by one each time: 9-5=4, 14-9=5, 20-14=6. So the next gap is +7, giving position 20+7=27; since the alphabet has only 26 letters, subtract 26 to get 27-26=1. Position 1 is A, so option (a) is correct.

Ethical judgement In an emergency the vaccine's proven benefit has to be weighed against a long-term risk that is still unknown, so neither hiding the risk nor withholding a working vaccine is acceptable. Transparent disclosure lets people give informed consent, limited use keeps the exposed group small, and continuous monitoring catches any side effect early enough to act on. So option (c) is the most responsible judgment. (a) conceals material information, (b) denies help to people who need it now, and (d) turns a public-health product into a private commercial advantage.

Word formation from letters List the letters available in ACCOMPLISHMENTS: A, C, C, O, M, P, L, I, S, H, M, E, N, T, S. POLICE uses P, O, L, I, C, E; NOTICE uses N, O, T, I, C, E; COAT uses C, O, A, T - all of these letters are present, and none is needed more often than it occurs. COMPUTER needs a U and an R, and neither U nor R appears anywhere in ACCOMPLISHMENTS. So COMPUTER is the word that cannot be formed, which is option (a).

Problem solving approach The bridge closure is a sudden and temporary emergency, so the response must be something that can be put in place today and withdrawn once the repairs are over. Option (c) does exactly that: sending vehicles along alternative routes takes the load off the closed stretch, and traffic police on the ground keep those routes moving. Heavy fines (a) punish commuters who have done nothing wrong and create no extra road space; a permanent redesign (b) takes months and so cannot be the immediate step; ignoring the jam (d) is not an action at all. Hence the correct option is (c).

Letter pair analogy Compare the two halves of the first relation: CX becomes XC — the two letters simply exchange places. Applying the same reversal to DW gives WD. A useful check: C(3) + X(24) = 27 and D(4) + W(23) = 27, so each pair is made of opposite letters and only their order is swapped. Hence the correct option is (b).

Letter pair analogy Take the first letters: C → F is a jump of +3 in the alphabet. Take the second letters: B → A is a step of −1. Apply the same rule to DP: D + 3 = G and P − 1 = O, which gives GO. Hence the correct option is (b).

Number series Write the gaps between consecutive terms: 66-26=40, 132-66=66, 232-132=100. The gaps themselves grow: 66-40=26 and 100-66=34, so the growth of the gap increases by 8 every time. The next growth is therefore 34+8=42, which makes the next gap 100+42=142. Required term =232+142=374. Hence the correct option is (d).

Number series Gaps between consecutive terms: 44-30=14, 72-44=28, 128-72=56. Look at how much each gap grows rather than at the gaps alone: 28-14=14 and 56-28=28, i.e. the growth is 14 more each time. So the next growth is 28+14=42, giving the next gap 56+42=98. Required term =128+98=226. Hence the correct option is (b).

Number series Each term is roughly four times the previous one, so test the rule $\times 4-2$ on the first pair: $6\times 4=24$ and 24-2=22. The same rule holds further: $22\times 4-2=86$ and $86\times 4-2=342$. Required term $=342\times 4-2=1368-2=1366$. Hence the correct option is (a).

Symbol substitution Replace every symbol by the sign it stands for. The expression becomes $4-8÷4÷12$. By BODMAS the divisions are done first, working from left to right: $8÷4=2$, then $2÷12=\frac{1}{6}$. So the value is $4-\frac{1}{6}=\frac{24-1}{6}=\frac{23}{6}$. Hence the correct option is (a).

Odd pair out Look at the numbers themselves rather than at the gap between them. In (a) $44=11\times 4$ and $77=11\times 7$; in (b) $66=11\times 6$ and $22=11\times 2$; in (c) $99=11\times 9$ and $55=11\times 5$ — every number is a multiple of 11 written with a repeated digit. In (d) the numbers 54 and 64 are neither multiples of 11 nor repeated-digit numbers, so this pair breaks the pattern. Hence the correct option is (d).

Dictionary order All six words begin with 'Ha', so the decision starts at the third letter. Haarder and Haastia have 'a' as the third letter, and a comes before b, so these two head the list; between them r comes before s, giving Haarder, then Haastia. The other four have 'b' third, so compare their fourth letters: Habacuc (a), Haberot (e), Habitat (i), Habited (i). Habitat and Habited agree up to 'Habit'; the sixth letter decides, and a comes before e, so Habitat precedes Habited. The order is Haarder → Haastia → Habacuc → Haberot → Habitat → Habited, that is 2, 6, 3, 1, 4, 5. Hence the correct option is (d).

Dictionary order All five words begin with 'T', and the second letter splits them: Tablecloth, Tabulations and Tautomerizable have 'a', while Technologically and Teleconference have 'e', so the 'Ta' group comes first. Inside the 'Ta' group the third letters are b, b and u, so Tautomerizable goes last; between Tablecloth and Tabulations the fourth letters l and u put Tablecloth first. Inside the 'Te' group the third letters are c and l, so Technologically comes before Teleconference. The dictionary order is Tablecloth → Tabulations → Tautomerizable → Technologically → Teleconference, which is 5, 2, 4, 1, 3 in the numbering used in the options. Hence the correct option is (a).