20 November 2025 · Shift 2

Blood relation chain Open the chain one link at a time, starting from Sunita. Sunita's daughter's son's sister is that boy's sister, so she is another child of Sunita's daughter. That sister's mother is therefore Sunita's daughter herself. Her husband is Anil, so Anil is the husband of Sunita's daughter. The husband of one's daughter is one's son-in-law, so the answer is option (d).

Blood relation K is the son of L and M is the brother of K, so L is a parent of both K and M. N is the mother of M, and therefore of K as well, so N is the mother in this family. The other parent, L, must then be the father — a male member. O is the father of N, which makes N the daughter of O, and L is the husband of that daughter. The husband of one's daughter is one's son-in-law, so L is the son-in-law of O — option (b).

Percentage decrease A decrease of 20% leaves $100\%-20\%=80\%$ of the first-quarter profit. Second quarter profit $=\frac{80}{100}\times 150000$ $=0.8\times 150000=120000$ So the profit in the second quarter was ₹1,20,000 — option (a).

Ratio and proportion Let the number of men be 5x and the number of boys be 3x. Given that there are 25 men, 5x = 25, so x = 5. Number of boys $=3x=3\times 5=15$. Total number of people = 25 + 15 = 40, which is option (b).

Time and work Take the total work as the LCM of 20 and 30, that is 60 units. P's one day work $=\frac{60}{20}=3$ units and Q's one day work $=\frac{60}{30}=2$ units. Working together, in one day they do 3 + 2 = 5 units. Time taken together $=\frac{60}{5}=12$ days, which is option (c).

Letter series Write the alphabetical position of each letter: C is 3, G is 7, K is 11 and O is 15. The positions rise by 4 every time, so each letter is the fourth letter after the one before it. The next position is 15 + 4 = 19, and the 19th letter of the alphabet is S — option (a).

Problem solving decision The real problem is that everybody reaches the gate at the same moment, so the remedy must spread the arrivals out over time. Staggering the entry timings of different classes does exactly that, needs no money and can begin the very next morning. So option (d) is the most immediate and practical step. Raising the fees (a) does not shorten the queue and punishes students instead, cancelling the assembly (b) removes the activity rather than solving the crowding, and a new building (c) takes months of time and heavy expense.

Interchange of signs The given equation is $6+9\times 2-3÷4=8$; test each option by swapping the two signs everywhere and then applying BODMAS. Interchanging - and $÷$ turns the left side into $6+9\times 2÷3-4$. Doing multiplication and division first: $9\times 2÷3=\frac{18}{3}=6$. So the left side becomes 6+6-4=8, which is exactly the right-hand side. Hence the signs to be interchanged are - and $÷$ — option (a). The other swaps fail: option (b) gives $6-9\times 2+3÷4$, option (c) gives $6÷9\times 2-3+4$ and option (d) gives $6+9÷2-3\times 4$, none of which equals 8.

Number analogy In 3:9:27 the second term is the square of the first and the third is its cube, since $3^2=9$ and $3^3=27$. The second group obeys the same rule: $4^2=16$ and $4^3=64$. Testing the options, $7^2=49$ and $7^3=343$, so 7:49:343 fits the pattern exactly. The others break it: $8^3=512$ not 48, $6^3=216$ not 648, and $2^3=8$ not 10. Hence the answer is option (d).

Prime number series The differences +6, +4, +2, +4 follow no fixed rule, so look at the numbers themselves. Every given term — 31, 37, 41, 43, 47 and 59 — is a prime number, and no prime has been skipped between them. So the series is simply consecutive primes, and the prime just after 47 is 53. It also fits the far end, since the prime right after 53 is 59, the last term given. Hence the missing number is 53 — option (b); 50, 52 and 57 are all composite, as $57=3\times 19$.

Letter cluster analogy Compare HLCF with INBH position by position: $H\to I$ is +1, $L\to N$ is +2, $C\to B$ is -1 and $F\to H$ is +2. Apply the very same steps to KOTX: K+1=L, O+2=Q, T-1=S and X+2=Z. This gives the cluster LQSZ, so the answer is option (a). Option (b) swaps the middle two letters and option (c) leaves O unchanged, so neither follows the pattern.

Word rearrangement analogy In GUJRATI : IGUJRAT the last letter I has been lifted off the end and placed in front of the remaining letters GUJRAT. No letter is changed and the order of the rest is untouched, so the rule is simply 'move the last letter to the front'. In ENGLISH the last letter is H and the rest is ENGLIS, so H goes to the front. This gives HENGLIS, which is option (c); option (a) puts H second, option (b) puts it fifth and option (d) also changes N into M.

Syllogism 'All dogs are cats' places the whole circle of dogs inside the circle of cats. 'No cat is a rat' keeps the circle of rats entirely separate from the circle of cats. Conclusion I claims that some rats are cats, but the two circles never meet, so it does not follow. For conclusion II, every dog lies inside cats and no cat is a rat, so no dog can be a rat either. Since neither conclusion follows, the answer is option (a).

Exact string matching Read the reference in three blocks — the place, the date and the year — and check each option block by block. Option (a) spells the place 'New Jersei', with an i in place of the final y. Option (b) changes the date from 20th to 30th, and option (c) changes the year from 2010 to 2020. Only option (d) reproduces every letter, digit, space and punctuation mark of the reference, so it is the answer.

Letter cluster series Treat the three positions of the clusters as three separate letter series. First letters are Y, D, I, ?, S; each moves +5 (counting on past Z), so the missing first letter is I+5=N. Second letters are G, J, M, ?, S; each moves +3, so the missing second letter is M+3=P. Third letters are P, U, Z, ?, J; each moves +5, so the missing third letter is Z+5=E. Putting the three together gives NPE, which is option (c); the other options keep N but take the wrong second or third letter.

Circular seating arrangement When everyone faces the centre, a person's right hand points anti-clockwise, so 'to the right' means moving anti-clockwise round the table. Fix S anywhere and count two seats anti-clockwise to place Q; two more seats anti-clockwise from Q places P. The remaining two seats go to R and T, and since R may not sit next to P, R takes the seat away from P and T takes the seat beside P. Now count three seats to the right of R, i.e. three seats anti-clockwise: Q, then T, then P. So P is sitting third to the right of R. Hence option (b) is correct.

Turning and direction Count clockwise turns as positive and anti-clockwise turns as negative, then simply add them. Net turn $=-{45}^{\circ }-{180}^{\circ }+{225}^{\circ }=-{225}^{\circ }+{225}^{\circ }=0^{\circ }$ A net turn of $0^{\circ }$ brings him back to the direction he started from. He started facing east, so he is still facing east. Hence option (d) is correct.

Direction sense distance He starts facing east; a left turn from east gives north, the next left turn gives west and the last left turn gives south. So the four legs are 50 m east, 15 m north, 30 m west and 15 m south. The 15 m north and the 15 m south are equal and opposite, so they cancel and he finishes on the same east-west line as the start. Net eastward distance =50-30=20 m Hence option (c) is correct.

Direction sense distance Facing east, a left turn gives north; from north a right turn gives east again; from east the last right turn gives south. So the four legs are 20 m east, 12 m north, 22 m east and 12 m south. The 12 m north and the 12 m south cancel exactly, so no north-south displacement is left. Total eastward distance =20+22=42 m He is therefore 42 m east of the starting point. Hence option (a) is correct.

Number analogy Look for one rule that works on the whole number in both of the completed pairs. $23\times 6=138$ and 138+5=143 $35\times 6=210$ and 210+5=215 So the rule is: second number = first number $\times 6+5$. Let the missing number be x, so 6x+5=4325. 6x=4325-5=4320 $x=\frac{4320}{6}=720$ Hence option (a) is correct.

Symbol substitution Replace each letter by the sign it stands for and then solve by BODMAS, doing division and multiplication from left to right before addition and subtraction. I becomes $35+3-28÷7\times 4$ $=35+3-4\times 4=38-16=22$, which is exactly the value given. II becomes $13+47-36÷4\times 5$ $=60-9\times 5=60-45=15$, which is also the value given. Both equations therefore hold. Hence option (a) is correct.

Letter-place-value coding Each letter is simply replaced by its position number in the alphabet and the numbers are written one after another without any gap. HAND: H is 8, A is 1, N is 14, D is 4, and joining them gives 81144. LEGS: L is 12, E is 5, G is 7, S is 19, and joining them gives 125719. CHAIR: C is 3, H is 8, A is 1, I is 9, R is 18. Joining these gives 381918. Hence option (c) is correct.

Opposite-letter coding Every letter is replaced by its opposite letter in the alphabet: A becomes Z, B becomes Y, C becomes X and so on. The test is that the two positions always add up to 27, since 1+26=27. Check SHAPES: S is 19 and 27-19=8, which is H; A is 1 and 27-1=26, which is Z, so HSZKVH fits. Apply it to MENTOR: M(13) gives N(14), E(5) gives V(22), N(14) gives M(13), T(20) gives G(7), O(15) gives L(12) and R(18) gives I(9). The code is therefore NVMGLI. Hence option (c) is correct.

Alternating letter shifts Compare the letters position by position instead of looking at the word as a whole. ANIMAL to CKMHGE: A to C is +2, N to K is -3, I to M is +4, M to H is -5, A to G is +6 and L to E is -7. ENERGY to GKIMMR obeys the very same list +2,-3,+4,-5,+6,-7, so the pattern is confirmed. ASPIRE: A+2=C, S-3=P, P+4=T, I-5=D, R+6=X. For the last letter, E(5)-7 goes past the start of the alphabet, so it wraps round to 26-2=24, which is X. The code is therefore CPTDXX. Hence option (a) is correct.

Word formation from letters The letters available in HOSTILITY are H, O, S, T, I, L, I, T, Y. Take each option and look for a letter that the pool does not contain. HASTY needs an A, POINT needs a P and an N, and HOTEL needs an E, none of which is available. HOST needs only H, O, S and T, and all four are present in HOSTILITY. Hence option (c) is correct.