25 November 2025 · Shift 2

Blood relation Open the statement from the inside outwards. 'My father's sister' is Aryan's aunt; her only brother must be Aryan's father. The wife of Aryan's father is Aryan's mother, and the son of Aryan's mother is Aryan's brother. Hence the boy is Aryan's brother.

Workplace ethics The question asks for the response that is both ethical (it protects the person being harmed) and professional (it uses the proper channel). Options (a) and (b) let the humiliation continue and place self-interest above a colleague's dignity. Option (d) — shouting at the manager in public — answers one humiliation with another and breaks workplace decorum. Option (c) supports the colleague privately and takes the matter to HR or a supervisor, the authority empowered to act on it. Hence option (c) is the correct course of action.

Symbol substitution Replace every symbol in the expression by the sign it stands for. The expression becomes $24÷4\times 5+10-8$. By BODMAS, division and multiplication are settled first, working from left to right. $24÷4=6$, and then $6\times 5=30$. Only addition and subtraction are left: 30 + 10 - 8 = 32. Hence the required value is 32.

Syllogism Statement 1 puts the whole of Phones inside Laptops; statement 2 only says the Laptops and Tablets circles meet somewhere. That common part may lie entirely outside Phones, so 'Some Phones are Tablets' is not certain — I does not follow. It may equally be drawn so that it cuts Phones, so 'No Phone is a Tablet' is not certain either — II does not follow. But I and II form a complementary pair (Some A are B / No A is B), and one member of such a pair must be true. Hence either conclusion I or conclusion II follows.

Wrong term in series Take the difference between consecutive terms. 600-590=10, 590-575=15, 575-555=20 — the number subtracted grows by 5 every time. So the next subtraction must be 25, giving 555-25=530 and not 532. Reading on confirms it: 530-30=500 and 500-35=465, exactly the terms that follow. Hence the wrong term is 532.

Number series The terms grow far too fast for a constant difference, so test a 'multiply and add' rule. $10\times 2+5=25$ and $25\times 3+5=80$, so the multiplier alternates between 2 and 3 while 5 is always added. The missing term therefore equals $80\times 2+5=165$. Check the rest: $165\times 3+5=500$, $500\times 2+5=1005$ and $1005\times 3+5=3020$, exactly as given. Hence the missing term is 165.

Symbol substitution Put the real signs in place of the symbols: '@' is $\times$, '#' is +, '&' is $÷$ and '%' is -. The expression becomes $8\times 5+36÷6-12$. By BODMAS the multiplication and division come first: $8\times 5=40$ and $36÷6=6$. The expression is now 40+6-12. 40+6=46, and 46-12=34. Hence the required value is 34.

Syllogism 'Some Papers are White' guarantees that at least one paper is white. 'No White is Dark' places every white thing outside the Dark circle. So that white paper is certainly not dark, which makes 'Some Papers are not Dark' definitely true — II follows. Nothing in the statements forces any paper into the Dark circle, so 'Some Papers are Dark' is only a possibility — I does not follow. Hence only conclusion II follows.

Ranking in a row When the two positions do not overlap, the row splits into three blocks that share no student. Ravi being 14th from the left uses up 14 places counted from the left end. Sita being 19th from the right uses up 19 places counted from the right end. The 3 students sitting between them belong to neither block. Total number of students =14+3+19=36. Hence there are 36 students in the row.

Letter cluster series Compare the three letter positions of the clusters separately. First letters: B, C, D, ?, F move by +1 each time, so the missing cluster begins with E. Second letters: M(13), O(15), Q(17), ?, U(21) move by +2, so the middle letter is S(19). Third letters: R(18), T(20), V(22), ?, Z(26) also move by +2, so the last letter is X(24). Hence the missing term is ESX.

Letter cluster series Look first at the opening letter of each cluster: B(2), F(6), J(10) — a jump of +4, so the fourth cluster starts with N(14). Now look inside each cluster: BCDE steps +1, FFFF steps 0, JIHG steps -1. The inside step falls by 1 every time, so inside the fourth cluster it must be -2. Starting from N(14): 14-2=12 (L), 12-2=10 (J), 10-2=8 (H). Hence the next cluster is NLJH.

Address matching Compare every candidate with the master address field by field — house number, locality, road, city, PIN. In (a) the locality is misspelt: 'Jubliee' instead of 'Jubilee'. In (b) the full stop after 'Road No' is missing. In (c) the house number reads 8-2-239 instead of 8-2-293. Option (d) matches the master address in every digit, word and punctuation mark. Hence option (d) is correct.

Address matching Check the candidates against the master address one field at a time. In (a) the PIN code is 160014 instead of 160017. In (c) the full stop after 'Plot No' is missing and the PIN code reads 150017. In (d) the sector is written as Sector-6 instead of Sector-9. Option (b) reproduces every field of the master address exactly. Hence option (b) is correct.

Word formation First write the letter stock of DEMONSTRATION: D, E, M, O (twice), N (twice), S, T (twice), R, A, I. MONITOR needs M, O, N, I, T, O, R — it needs two O's and the stock has two, so it can be formed. NATION needs N, A, T, I, O, N — it needs two N's and the stock has two, so it can be formed. ROAST needs R, O, A, S, T — every letter is present, so it can be formed. Hence all three words can be formed from the letters of DEMONSTRATION.

Statement and inference The statement lays down a one-way rule: every employee with 100% attendance receives a certificate of appreciation. It nowhere says that a certificate is given only for 100% attendance — a certificate may be awarded for other reasons too. So moving backwards from 'Ms. Sharma received a certificate' to '100% attendance' would be the fallacy of affirming the consequent. Options (a) and (d) claim that certainty, and (b) brings in seniority, about which the statement says nothing. All we may safely say is that she might have achieved 100% attendance, which is option (c).

Alphabet series Write the position of each letter in the alphabet: D = 4, G = 7, K = 11, P = 16. The jumps are 7-4=3, 11-7=4 and 16-11=5, so the jump grows by 1 every time. The next jump must therefore be +6, giving 16+6=22. The 22nd letter of the alphabet is V, so option (c) is correct.

Interchange of numbers Wherever the number 4 occurs write 8, and wherever 8 occurs write 4; the digits inside a number are not touched. Given expression: $8\times 3+4-10÷2$. After the interchange it becomes $4\times 3+8-10÷2$. By BODMAS, division and multiplication are done first: $4\times 3=12$ and $10÷2=5$. So the value is 12+8-5=15, and option (b) is correct.

Interchange of numbers Replace every 6 by 8 and every 8 by 6 in each equation, then evaluate the left side by BODMAS. I. $8-3+6\times 4÷2=19$ becomes $6-3+8\times 4÷2$. Here $8\times 4÷2=16$, so the left side is 6-3+16=19, which equals the right side. II. $6\times 3-8+10=25$ becomes $8\times 3-6+10$. Here $8\times 3=24$, so the left side is 24-6+10=28, but the right side is 25. Equation I still holds while equation II does not, so option (b) is correct.

Odd letter-number pair In each pair test the two letters and the number separately. (a) B → E and K → N are both +3, and 450+220=670. (b) G → J and R → U are both +3, and 800+220=1020. (d) D → G and Z → C are both +3 (Z wraps round to C), and 500+220=720. (c) M → P is +3, but T → V is only +2, even though 310+220=530 is right. The letter rule breaks only in (c), so option (c) is the odd one out.

Odd letter-number pair In every pair both letters move forward two places, so the difference must lie in the numbers. (a) 12+2=14 and $14\times 14=196$. (b) 8+2=10 and $10\times 10=100$. (c) 15+2=17 and $17\times 17=289$. (d) 22+2=24 and $24\times 24=576$, but the pair shows 676, which is $26\times 26$. Only (d) fails the rule 'add 2, then square', so option (d) is the odd one out.

Odd number pair Subtract the right-hand number from the left-hand number in each pair. (a) 10450-10235=215. (b) 11565-11350=215. (c) 12880-12665=215. (d) 13450-13225=225. Three pairs differ by 215 but (d) differs by 225, so option (d) is the odd one out.

Letter coding A direct letter-to-letter comparison of MUSIC with FMVYP gives no fixed shift, so try reversing the word first. MUSIC reversed is CISUM, and adding +3,+4,+3,+4,+3 to its letters gives F, M, V, Y, P — exactly the code FMVYP. The same test works on the second word: PIANO reversed is ONAIP, and the same shifts give R, R, D, M, S. So the rule is: reverse the word, then shift the letters by +3,+4,+3,+4,+3. FLUTE reversed is ETULF, and E+3=H, T+4=X, U+3=X, L+4=P, F+3=I. The code is therefore HXXPI, so option (a) is correct.

Letter coding Again the word is written backwards before the letters are shifted. MARKET reversed is TEKRAM, and the shifts +5,+4,+3,+5,+4,+3 turn it into Y, I, N, W, E, P — the code YINWEP. Checking with PUBLIC: reversed it is CILBUP, and the same shifts give H, M, O, G, Y, S. So the shift pattern +5,+4,+3 simply repeats over the reversed word. SIMPLE reversed is ELPMIS, and E+5=J, L+4=P, P+3=S, M+5=R, I+4=M, S+3=V. The code is therefore JPSRMV, so option (a) is correct.

Mixed series Split every term into first letter, second letter and number, and follow the three strands separately. First letters: D, C, B, A — each one step back, so after A the alphabet wraps round to Z. Second letters: R, Q, P, O — also one step back each time, so the next is N. Numbers: 210, 180, 150, 120 fall by 30 each time, so the next is 120-30=90. Putting the three strands together gives ZN90, so option (b) is correct.

Mixed series Treat the two letters and the number as three separate strands. First letters: Z, U, P, K each move back five places, so the next is K-5=F. Second letters: T, P, L, H each move back four places, so the next is H-4=D. Numbers: $25\times 2+3=53$, $53\times 2+3=109$ and $109\times 2+3=221$. So the next number is $221\times 2+3=445$. Combining the strands gives FD445, so option (d) is correct.