30 November 2025 · Shift 1

Situation judgement In a situation-judgement item the best response is the one that removes the actual problem without creating a bigger loss. The actual problem here is faulty content, and the cost of a short delay is far smaller than the cost of teaching thousands of learners something wrong. Delaying the launch fixes the errors before any learner sees them and protects the platform's credibility, so it is the balanced and responsible choice. Launching now and correcting later (a) or releasing the course untouched (c) both push a defective product to the learners, while cancelling the course (b) throws away work that only needs a short correction. Hence option (d) is correct.

Latin word roots A root carries the core idea that survives in every word built on it, so test 'dict' against familiar English words. To 'dictate' is to say words aloud for someone else to write, a 'verdict' is what is truly said by a jury, and to 'predict' is to say beforehand — in each of them the idea is speaking. So the Latin root 'dict' (from the verb dicere) means 'to say / to speak'. The other options belong to different roots: 'to hear' is aud (audience, audible), 'to write' is scrib/script (scribble, manuscript) and 'to read' is leg/lect (legible, lecture). Hence option (c) is correct.

Statement and inference An inference follows only if it is a reasonable extension of what the statement itself contains; anything the statement never touches must be rejected. Inference I follows: a fee is called an 'environmental' fee and is placed on private vehicles precisely to discourage their use, and the purpose of discouraging them is cleaner air. Inference II follows as well: every fee collected by the government becomes money in the government's hands, so extra revenue is a direct consequence. Inference III does not follow: the statement mentions no city, no state and no boundary of any kind, so restricting the fee to a single city is pure guesswork. Both I and II follow, so option (c) is correct.

Letter series Replace each letter by its position in the alphabet: Y = 25, U = 21, Q = 17, M = 13. Each position is 4 less than the one before it, so the rule is -4. The next position is 13-4=9, and the 9th letter of the alphabet is I. Hence option (a) is correct.

Number series Test the first two terms with a multiply-and-add rule: $30\times 2+10=70$. The same rule holds all through: $70\times 2+10=150$ and $150\times 2+10=310$. So the next term is $310\times 2+10=620+10=630$. The differences $40,80,160$ also double every step, and 310+320=630 confirms the same value. Hence option (c) is correct.

Number series The terms roughly double, so try a rule of the form 'double and add a fixed number'. $64\times 2+8=136$, and the same rule works again: $136\times 2+8=280$ and $280\times 2+8=568$. So the next term is $568\times 2+8=1136+8=1144$. The differences $72,144,288$ also double each time, giving 568+576=1144 as a check. Hence option (d) is correct.

Number analogy Compare the two numbers of the given pair: 7-3=4, so the second number is 4 less than the first. Rule: second number = first number $-4$. Apply the same rule to 8: 8-4=4. Hence the number that completes the analogy is 4 — option (b).

Number pair series Read the first number of every pair: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, …, 17 — these are consecutive prime numbers, so the missing pair must start with the prime between 11 and 17, i.e. 13. Now link the two numbers inside a pair: $2^2+1=5$, $3^2+1=10$, $5^2+1=26$, $7^2+1=50$, ${11}^2+1=122$. The rule is therefore (prime n, $n^2+1$), and the last given pair confirms it: ${17}^2+1=289+1=290$. For n=13: ${13}^2+1=169+1=170$. So the missing pair is (13,170) and option (b) is correct. The traps use non-primes: 12, 14 and 15 are composite, so options (a), (c) and (d) break the first half of the rule at once.

Odd one out The question fixes the test itself: group the four by how they came into being. A mountain, a valley and a plateau are landforms shaped by natural forces — folding of the crust, erosion by rivers and upliftment over thousands of years. A dam is built by human beings across a river to store water and generate power, so its origin is artificial. The one item of man-made origin is the dam, so option (c) is correct.

Odd one out All four names belong to computing, so sort them by the kind of software they are. Windows, Android and Linux are operating systems: they manage the hardware and let other programs run on the machine. MS Word is application software — a word processor that itself needs an operating system to run on. The odd one out is therefore MS Word, so option (c) is correct.

Number series Take the difference between consecutive terms: 3192-3151=41. The same gap repeats: 3233-3192=41 and 3274-3233=41, so this is an arithmetic series with common difference 41. The next term is 3274+41=3315. Hence option (b) is correct; the other choices differ from it by 2, 1 and 2 and would break the constant gap.

Alternate number series The terms rise and fall sharply, which is the signal to split the series into alternate positions. Odd places give 26, 50, ? and here $26=5^2+1$ and $50=7^2+1$ — squares with 1 added. Even places give 217, 513 and here $217=6^3+1$ and $513=8^3+1$ — cubes with 1 added. So the base numbers simply run 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 in order; they are squared at the odd places and cubed at the even places, and 1 is added every time. The fifth term stands at an odd place with base 9, so it is $9^2+1=81+1=82$. Hence option (b) is correct; 729 is $9^3$ and would be right only if the term stood at an even place.

Syllogism 'Only Truck are Vehicle' reverses into 'All Vehicle are Truck', so the whole of Vehicle lies inside Truck. The other two statements say that a part of Truck lies inside Bulky and that the whole of Metal lies inside Bulky. Metal is tied only to Bulky; nothing fixes whether Metal reaches the truck part of Bulky, so Metal has no definite link with Truck or with Vehicle. Conclusion II can be made false: draw Metal entirely in the part of Bulky that contains no truck, and all three statements still hold, so 'Some Metal are Truck' is only a possibility. Conclusion I can be made false in the mirror way: draw the whole of Vehicle inside Metal (and inside the bulky trucks), and again every statement holds, so 'Some Vehicle are not Metal' is only a possibility. A conclusion follows only when it is true in every arrangement, and each of these is true in some arrangements and false in others. Hence neither conclusion follows — option (d).

Alphanumeric series Break each term into its letter and its number, and treat the two parts as two separate series. Letters: M(13), ?, S(19), V(22), Y(25) — from S onward every letter is 3 places ahead of the one before, so the missing letter is at 13+3=16, which is P. Numbers: 15, ?, 45, 60, 75 — they go up by 15 each time, so the missing number is 15+15=30. Joining the two parts gives P30, so option (a) is correct. Option (c) keeps the number but takes the letter Q(17), which is only 4 places before S, and option (d) breaks both parts at once.

Odd one out in series Read the two halves of each term separately. The letters Y, X, W, V, U move back exactly one place every time, so they are perfectly regular and cannot single out any term. The numbers are 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 — all of them odd, so oddness is not the test either. Test them for primeness instead: 3, 5, 7 and 11 are prime, but $9=3\times 3$ is composite. The term carrying the composite number is 9V, so option (d) is correct.

Letter cluster series Split every cluster into its first letter and its second letter and follow the two chains separately. First letters: W(23), D(4), K(11), R(18) — each step adds 7, since 23+7=30 becomes 4 after one full cycle of 26. So the next first letter is 18+7=25, i.e. Y. Second letters: B(2), W(23), R(18), M(13) — each step subtracts 5, since 2-5=-3 becomes 23 after one cycle. So the next second letter is 13-5=8, i.e. H. The missing cluster is therefore YH, so option (c) is correct.

Number series: division Compare each term with the one before it instead of looking at differences. $96÷48=2$, $48÷24=2$ and $24÷12=2$, so every term is half of the previous one. Next term $=\frac{12}{2}=6$, so option (a) is correct.

Symbol substitution Replace every sign by the meaning given, and only then apply BODMAS. The expression $80+8-4\times 3÷2$ becomes $80÷8\times 4+3-2$. Division and multiplication come first: $80÷8=10$ and $10\times 4=40$. Now 40+3-2=41. Hence option (c) is correct.

Analogy: SI units The pair joins a physical quantity with its SI unit. Kelvin (K) is the SI unit of temperature, so the answer must be the SI unit of pressure. Pressure is measured in pascal, where 1 Pa is one newton per square metre. Joule measures energy, watt measures power and newton measures force, so option (a) is correct.

Analogy: young ones The pair joins an animal with the special name of its young one. The young one of a swan is called a cygnet. On the same pattern, the young one of a fox is called a kit. A young goat is a kid, a young deer a fawn and a young sheep a lamb, so option (d) is correct.

Number series: ×3 pattern Each term is a little more than three times the one before it, so test 'multiply by 3, then add a rising number'. $4\times 3+2=14$ $14\times 3+3=45$ $45\times 3+4=139$ $139\times 3+5=422$ The number added rises by 1 each time, so next $=422\times 3+6=1266+6=1272$. Hence option (c) is correct.

Number series: differences Take the consecutive differences: 42-20=22, 72-42=30, 110-72=38, 156-110=46. These differences themselves grow by 8 each time, so the next difference is 46+8=54. Next term =156+54=210. The same terms can be read as $4\times 5,6\times 7,8\times 9,10\times 11,12\times 13$, so the next is $14\times 15=210$. Hence option (a) is correct.

Number analogy As the note directs, work on the whole numbers and simply compare them. 8502-7551=951 4499-3548=951 So the second number of every pair is 951 more than the first. 6264+951=7215, so option (a) is correct.

Number analogy Read the two complete pairs first and find how the left number relates to the right one. 187-(-803)=187+803=990 1781-791=990 So in each pair the left number is 990 more than the right number. Missing number =5239+990=6229, so option (a) is correct.

Odd letter-number pair Check the letters and the number of each pair separately. Numbers: $332\times 1.5=498$, $440\times 1.5=660$, $556\times 1.5=834$ and $484\times 1.5=726$, so the number rule holds everywhere. Letters: B→D and D→I is +2 and +5; C→E, I→N is again +2 and +5; M→O, L→Q is also +2 and +5. In NA484 – PG726 the first letter moves N→P (+2), but the second moves A→G, which is +6 instead of +5. That pair breaks the letter rule, so option (d) is the odd one out.